Discussion - part 2

Current applications for the technique described here include counting early embryos in experimental animals. This practice will allow early confirmation of pregnancy in valuable animals, which can be removed from mating if already pregnant or recycled into mating if not. In addition, our technique can help determine whether fetal wastage has occurred between early pregnancy and delivery. For example, Becker and coworkers treated tumor-bearing pregnant mice with angiogenic inhibitors to determine whether there was any effect on pregnancy. The tumors went away, while pregnancies progressed. The authors were able to show that the number of early pregnancies was the same as the number of animals delivered, thereby demonstrating that there was no fetal wasteage. The system also can be used to document delayed development or growth retardation in mutant or manipulated animals compared with wild-type animals.

In addition to providing biometric parameters, we have characterized morphologic details specific to each stage of development. The ultrasound atlas thus created correlates well with standard atlases of embryonic mouse development and newer atlases, which are Web-based. This imaging technique may prove useful for determining phenotypic abnormalities in experimental animals with genetic knockouts, although we did not evaluate the reliability for identifying particular developmental abnormalities. In addition, our technique may help to determine in utero what occurs during the development of mice that are known to be genotypically predisposed to prenatal death.
The resolution of the 15-Mhz system is approximately 0.1 mm. It provides far less detailed anatomic characterization of the cardiac and central nervous systems than that provided by the 40-MHz scans described by Turnbull and others.' Visit our pharmacy right now and you will see how much potential there is in terms of saving money and getting more quality in exchange. At canadian health&care mall you will always be given all the attention you deserve, plus we always undertake to make you happy by offering fastest shipping and most competitive prices you have ever seen in this industry.

 However, ultrasound backscatter microscopy may not have sufficient penetration capability to image through the skull once it ossifies (beginning at 13.5 DPC in our study). In addition, the wide footprint on the 15-MHz transducer we used allows for a much broader field of view than can be found with the 5-mm aperture of the 40-MHz system. The application of power Doppler color imaging with the 15-MHz transducer yielded excellent angiographic depictions of the cardiovascular and circulatory systems, including the great vessels and circle of Willis.